The risks associated with ion exchangers and pellet reactors encompass several key areas. Firstly, the presence of compounds in water leading to resin fouling can result in resin damage, necessitating frequent replacements. This risk is mitigated through pretreatment steps like chlorination and filtration to minimize oxidizing agents. Additionally, temperature fluctuations can harm resin beads, requiring careful monitoring and cooling measures to maintain optimal operation. Mechanism failures due to uneven liquid flow or blockages in pipes are addressed through regular maintenance and the use of distributor plates or physical filters.

Secondly, mechanical failures such as plugging, flow resistance, and fragmentation can lead to resin loss and migration, impacting system performance. Proper backwash procedures and routine water quality testing are essential to prevent these issues. Lastly, external damage to equipment during loading/unloading and improper chemical dosing can affect system efficiency, highlighting the importance of following protocols and conducting regular inspections and maintenance.